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Politics, Class, and Growth in Social Security Effort: A Cross-National Analysis

Boston College, Chestnut Hill, U.S.A.

Fred C. Pampel

University of Iowa, Iowa City, U.S.A.

Between 1965 and 1975 most nations experienced an historic expansion in the proportion of the national product spent on social security programs. Several competing theories of social security development are considered in an effort to account for this expansion. Panel regression results are presented for 32 developing and 26 industrial nations. For the in dustrial nations, the level of democracy proves more useful than any indicator of working class strength for explaining variation in social security effort. Evidence is presented sug gesting that for many nations spending on social security programs may be more a reflec tion of middle-class power than of working class power. Evidence is also presented that percent aged is a stronger predictor of social security effort in developing nations than in industrial nations.

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