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DOI: 10.1177/002071528802900107 © 1988 SAGE Publications Turning Classic Models into Utopias: The Neo Confucianist CritiqueThe Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel Confucian utopian models were reconstructed during the Sung dynasty. However, the transformative capacity of this utopian thrust was limited. It is claimed here that the roots for the understanding of the utopian thrust of the Sung are to be sought in the very process by which Confucianism was institutionalized and the kinds of tensions generated by this process. Two factors are raised to explain the limited impingement of the utopian thrust of the Sung upon Chinese society and polity: 1) The attempt to implement the refor mulated vision within the very same institutional structure. 2) The structural characteris tics of the Literati as a group.
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