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Role Conflict: Not Only for Women?

A Comparative Analysis of 5 Nations

Department of Sociology, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel 91905

The present study focuses on home-work and children-work role conflicts among American, Australian, Bulgarian, Dutch, Israeli university professors and Israeli school teachers. The major hypotheses of the study are that cultural differences in the perception of gender roles explain differences in role conflict, that burden at home contributes more to role conflict than burden at work, and that women who work in a specific-male-typed occupation report stronger role conflict than men who work in the same occupation. The findings support the first and second hypotheses, showing that Bulgarians and Israeli school teachers tend to espouse a more traditional division of labor and they also report stronger home-work role conflict than the other examined societies, and that in contrast to common beliefs the domestic sphere contributes more to the creation of role conflict than burden at work. The third hypothesis was only partially supported, showing that men have home-work role conflict as much as women but their children-work role conflict is weaker.

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