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Orientations Towards Authority and Congruency Theory

The Cross-national, Cross-time Evidence

University of Toronto

Mebs Kanji

University of Calgary

This paper employs the 1981 and 1990 World Values Surveys to demonstrate that publics in advanced industrial states have become less deferential both in general, as well as in the polity, the family, and the workplace. In addition, this analysis also provides broad-gauged prime facie support for the claim (Eckstein, 1966, 1969, 1975, 1992; Pateman, 1970; Kohn, 1969; Greenberg et al., 1995) that authority orientations across different domains are generalizable: attitudes toward authority in the polity, the family, and the workplace do indeed appear to be inter-connected. Furthermore, even under the most rigorous testing conditions, when multiple authority orientations are pitted against each other, and when various other prominent explanations are introduced, orientations toward authority in one domain turn out to be useful (i.e., statistically significant) estimates of authority orientations in another.

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